Probetex，Inc公司成立于1997年，是一家为生物科研研究提供服务的CRO 公司。公司专注于6个研究领域：1）成人和胚胎肾细胞系的细胞库2）生产和销售绵羊肾毒性抗体以诱导抗肾小球基底膜（抗GBM）肾小球肾炎，膜性（抗Fx1A）肾病和系膜增生性（抗Thy1）肾小球肾炎。3）肾病模型研究的组织产品4）组织病理学服务，提供常规组织学，免疫组织化学，电子显微镜和图像分析; 5）提供以上肾病以及20多种急性、慢性实验性肾病、心脑血管和肺病的其他模型的构建服务。6）其他研究领域，比如：再生医学、血管炎新模型以及其他罕见疾病模型的构建和评价服务。

特色产品：

绵羊抗大鼠肾小球基底膜血清（PTX-001AGBM）

Sheep Anti Rat Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBM) Serum

--抗GBM型肾炎模型诱导

 

产品名称	Sheep Anti Rat Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBM) Serum
货号	PTX-001AGBM
规格	25ml
保存	-20℃
说明	产品经56℃热处理30min，请避免反复冻融。解冻后会有轻微沉淀，注射前3000-5000rmp 离心30min。 注：只做过大鼠炎症，没有做过小鼠验证。

应用说明：(实验前请仔细阅读实验流程)

每瓶血清含有足够的抗体用于诱导至少25只大鼠*（175-200 g体重）被动抗GBM肾炎模型。

免疫抗GMB血清：麻醉大鼠，尾静脉注射抗GMB血清超过15秒，疾病的产生依赖于免疫剂量，依照免疫剂量完全打入体内很关键（推荐用量：0.4-0.5ml/100g体重）。由于不同批次抗血清差异，大鼠来源，以及实验需求的不同，我们建议进行剂量-反应研究，具体的免疫剂量和疾病的严重程度，需要根据每个不同批次血清和产生疾病的严重程度，选择合适的免疫剂量。

肾病研究：

1）异源性疾病：免疫抗GBM (anti GBM)3-5天后，免疫荧光检测显示绵羊IgG在肾小球基底膜内呈线状沉积。大鼠c3也呈线性分布，24小时后出现蛋白尿。

2）自身疾病：免疫抗GBM抗体8-10天后，检测大鼠蛋白尿增加，同时大鼠肾小球IgG(自身抗体) 呈线状沉积，自体疾病变得明显。（自体）免疫组化呈线性模式的IgG（图1）。到3周时，蛋白尿有望达到200毫克/24小时，肾小球病变（图2）明显，随着时间的推移，严重程度增加，导致肾小球硬化。

图1.免疫荧光检测显示免疫抗GBM3周后肾小球毛细血管壁大鼠IgG免疫沉积的。

图2.免疫组化染色显示免疫抗GBM 3周后新月体形成、系膜细胞增生、毛细血管变形。

相关产品：

 

货号	产品名称	规格
肾炎模型
PTX-001AGBM	Sheep Anti-Rat GBM Serum	25ml
PTX-002S	Sheep Anti-Rat Fx1A Serum	25ml
PTX-003S	Sheep Anti-Rat Thy-1 Serum	20ml
PTX-000S	Sheep Non-Immune Serum	25ml
组织产品（动物疾病模型组织、切片、血浆、尿液）
PTX-001	Anti-GBM (Immune-mediated Glomerulonephritis)	-
PTX-002	Anti-Fx1A (Heymann Nephritis, Membranous Nephritis)	-
PTX-003.	Anti-Thy-1 (Mesangial Proliferative Glomerulonephritis)	-
PTX-004	Diabetic nephropathy (streptozotocin- Type I Diabetes)	-
PTX-005	Control (Normal) Kidney	-
PTX-006	Sheep Kidney Section(anti-GBM and Fx1A membranous nephropathy	-
细胞
CRGMes-1	Rat Glomerular Mesangial Cells	1x106
CRGEp-1	Rat Glomerular Epithelial Cells	1x106
CBGEn-1	Bovine Glomerular Endothelial Cells	1x106
CMUB-1	Mouse Ureteric Bud Cells	1x106
CMMM-1	Mouse Metanephric Mesynchymal Cells	1x106
CRMM-1	Rat Metanephric Mesynchymal Cells	1x106
抗体
BS-001GBM	FITC- Sheep Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane IgG	0.5ml
BS-002ECM	FITC- Sheep Anti-Extracellular Matrix (ECM) IgG	0.5ml

参考文献：

1.McIntosh LM, Barnes JL, Barnes VL, McDonald JR. Selective CCR2-targeted macrophage depletion ameliorates experimental mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. Clin Exp Immunol 155:295-303, 2009. Osprey Pharma, Probetex, Inc. (Contract Research, Pre-Clinical Testing, Histopathology)

2.Velagapudi C, Nilsson R-P, Barnes VL, Arar M, Abboud HE, Barnes JL. Reciprocal induction of simple organogenesis by mouse kidney progenitor cells in three-dimensional co-culture. Am J Pathol 180:819-830, 2012. Link (Cover Photo, February Issue). Probetex, Inc, Univ TX Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX.  (CMMM-1 and CMUB-1: Mouse Kidney Primordial Cells).

3.Riser BL, Najmabadi F, Garchow K, Barnes JL, Peterson DR, Sukowski EJ: Treatment with matricellular protein CCN3 blocks and/or reverses fibrosis development in obesity with diabetic nephropathy. Am J Pathol 184:2908–2921, 2014. Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Baxter Healthcare, Probetex, Inc. (Histopathology, Image Analysis).

4.Sun H, Olsen HS, Merigeon EY, So E, Burch E, Kinsey S, Papadimitriou JC, Drachenberg CB, Bentzen SM, Block DS, Strome SE, Zhang X: Recombinant human IgG1 based Fc multimers, with limited FcR bindng capacity, can effectively inhibit complement-mediated disease. J Autoimmun 84: 87-98, 2017. (rats) University of Maryland School of Medicine, Gliknik, Inc., Chengdu Military General Hospital China.

5.Patel M, Velagapudi C, Burns HS, Doss R, Lee, MJ, Mariappan M, Wagner B, Arar M, Barnes VL, Abboud HE, Barnes JL. Mouse metanephric mesenchymal cell-derived angioblasts undergo vasculogenesis in three-dimensional culture. Am J Pathol 188: 768-784, 2018. Probetex, Inc, Univ TX Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX. (CMMM-1 and CMUB-1: Mouse Kidney Primordial Cells).

6.Rufanova VA, Lianos E, Alexanian A, Sorokina E, Sharma M, McGinty A, Sorokin A: G3G overexpression in glomerular epithelial cells during anti-GBM-induced glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 75:31-40, 2009. (mice) (Medical College of Wisconsin).

7.Lichtnekert J, Kulkarni OP, Mulay SR, Rupanagudi KV, Ryu M, Allam R, Vielhauer V, Muruve D, Lindenmeyer MT, Cohen CD, Anders H-J. Anti-GBM glomerulonephritis involves IL-1 but is independent of NLRP3/ASC inflammasome-mediated activation of caspase-1. PLoS ONE 6(10): e26778. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026778. October 2011. (mice) (Ludwig-Maximillians-Univeristy of Munich).

8.Schwarz M, Taubitz A, Eltrich N, Mulay SR, Allam R, Vielhauer V: Analysis of TNF-mediated recruitment and activation of glomerular dendritic cells in mouse kidneys by compartment-specific flow cytometry. Kidney Int 84: 116-129, 2013. (mice) (Ludwig-Maximillians-Univeristy of Munich).

9.Kim J, Imig JD, Yang J, Hammock BD, Padanilam BJ: Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase prevents renal interstitial fibrosis and inflammation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 307: F971-F980, 2014. (mice). (University of Nebraska USA).

10.Zheng W, Warner R, Ruggeri R, Su C, Cortes C, Skoura A, Ward J, Ahn K, Kalgutkar A, Sun D, Maurer TS, Bonin PD, Okerberg C, Bobrowski W, Kawabe T, Zhang Y, Coskran T, Bell S, Kapoor B, Johnson K, Buckbinder L. PF-1355, a mechanism-based myeloperoxidase inhibitor, prevents immune complex vasculitis and anti–glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 353:288–298, 2015. (mice). Pfizer and University of Michigan.

11.Pavkovic M, Riefke B, Frisk AL, Gröticke I, Ellinger-Ziegelbauer H. Glomerulonephritis-induced changes in urinary and kidney MicroRNA profiles in rats. Toxicol Sci. 145(2), 348–359, 2015. (Rats). Bayer Pharma AG and Harvard Medical School.

12.Kumar SV, Kulkarni OP, Mulay SR, Darisipudi MN, Romoli S, Thomasova D, Scherbaum CR, Hohenstein B, Hugo C, Müller S, Liapis H, Anders HJ. Neutrophil Extracellular Trap-Related Extracellular Histones Cause Vascular Necrosis in Severe GN. J Am Soc Nephrol. 26 (10):2399-2413, 2015 (mice) (Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich).

13.Bosma M, Gerling M, Pasto J, Georgiadi A, Graham E, Shilkova O, Iwata Y, Almer S, Soderman J, Toftgard R, Wermeling F, Bostrom EA, Bostrom PA. FNDC4 acts as an anti-inflammatory factor on macrophages and improves colitis in mice. Nature Commun 7: 11314. Apr 12 2016. (mice) Karolinska Institute, Stockholm Sweden

14.Mulay SR, Romoli S, Desai J, Honarpischeh, MM, Kumar SV, Anders H-J. Murine double minute-2 inhibition ameliorates established crescentic glomerulonephritis. Am J Pathol. 186: 1442-153, 2016. (mice) Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik University Hoispital of Ludwig-Maximillians-University , Munich, Germany.

15.Hachmo Y, Kalechman Y, Skornick I, Gafter U, Caspi RR, and Sredni B: The small tellurium compound AS101 ameliorates rat crescentic glomerulonephritis: association with inhibition of macrophage caspase-1 activity via very late antigen-4 inactivation. Front Immunol. 8: 240-, 2017. doi: 10.3389/immu.2017.00240 PMCID: PMC5339302. (Rats) C.A.I.R. Institute, The Safdiè AIDS and Immunology Research Center; Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National

Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

16.Hsu M-F, Betaieb A, Ito Y, Graham J, Havel PJ, Haj FG. Protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 deficiency in podocytes attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced proteinuria. Scientific Reports 7: 461 2017. (mice). UC-Davis Univ Tennessee-Knoxville Tennessee, USA.

17.Velez JCQ, Arif E, Rodgers J, Hicks MP, Arthur JM, Nihalani D, Bruner ET, Budisavljevic MN, Atkinson C, Fitzgibbon WR, Janech MG. Deficiency of the angiotensinase aminopeptidase A increases susceptibility to glomerular injury. J Am Soc Nephrol: 28(7):2119-2132, 2017. (mice). Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little

Rock, AR

18.Bettaieb A, Koike S, Chahed S, Zhao Y, Bachaalany S, Hashoush N, Graham J, Fatima H, Havel PJ, Gruzdev A, Zeldin DC, Hammock BD, Haj FG. Podocyte-specific soluble epoxide hydrolase deficiency in mice attenuates acute kidney injury. FEBS J. 284(13):1970-1986, 2017.(mice). UC Davis, Univ of Tenn-Knoxville, NIEHS PMCID:

19.Wen Y, Lu X, Ren J, Privratsky JR, Yang B, Rudemiller NP, Zhang J, Griffiths R, Jain MK, Nedospasov SA, Liu BC, Crowley SD. KLF4 in macrophages attenuates TNFα-mediated kidney injury and fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol.  30:1925-1938, 2019. (mice). Duke University Medical Center, Duke-National University of Singapore, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center.